How it works
Text is split into individual Unicode codepoints — not raw 16-bit string
units, so multi-part characters like most emoji stay whole — and each one
is shown with its decimal codepoint, its U+ hex form, and the bytes it
takes up when encoded as UTF-8.
Codepoints vs. bytes
A codepoint is a character’s identity in the Unicode standard; bytes are how that character is actually stored. Basic Latin characters need only 1 byte in UTF-8, while accented letters typically need 2, and characters outside the Basic Multilingual Plane — most emoji among them — need 4.
Common uses
Debugging a string that looks right but fails a length or encoding check, confirming exactly which character a copy-pasted symbol actually is, or learning how UTF-8 represents different scripts.