The three questions this answers
“X% of Y” answers, for example, what 25% of 200 is. “X is what % of Y” flips that around: given a part and a whole, it finds the percentage the part represents. “% change from X to Y” measures growth or shrinkage between two values, as a percentage of the starting value.
Percent change vs. percentage points
Going from 50 to 60 is a 20% increase, since the change (10) is 20% of the starting value (50). This is easy to confuse with a change from 50% to 60%, which is usually described as a 10 percentage point increase — the same absolute gap, described a different way.
Common uses
Working out a discount or tip, checking how much a value grew year over year, or figuring out what share of a total a specific number represents.